Imam Mahdi (AJ), the twelfth Imam of Shia Islam, is the final divine savior and the awaited deliverer of humanity. His life, from birth to occultation and his role in reviving religion and establishing global justice, has always been a subject of great significance in Islamic teachings. This article provides a comprehensive look at Imam Mahdi’s (AJ) life, the reasons behind his occultation, and his mission in Islam.
The Birth of Imam Mahdi (AJ)
Imam Mahdi (AJ) was born on the 15th of Sha’ban in the year 255 AH in Samarra. His father was Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS), and his mother was Lady Narjis. Due to the political and social pressures of the time, Imam Mahdi’s (AJ) birth was kept a secret to protect him from the threats posed by the Abbasid regime, which sought to prevent the arrival of the promised savior.
Political and Social Context of His Birth
The birth of Imam Mahdi (AJ) occurred during a time of severe oppression under the Abbasid caliphate. The rulers were deeply concerned about the prophecy of a savior who would fill the world with justice, as foretold in Islamic traditions. Consequently, the birth was concealed, and only a select few among the close companions of Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS) were aware of this event.
Childhood and Imamate
Imam Mahdi (AJ) spent his early years in concealment and under the guidance of his father, Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS), who prepared him for the divine mission. After his father’s martyrdom in 260 AH, Imam Mahdi (AJ) assumed the position of Imamate at the age of five. Despite his young age, his divine knowledge and miraculous acts proved his legitimacy and spiritual authority.
Evidence of His Imamate
During the brief period when Imam Mahdi (AJ) was accessible to his followers, his wisdom and divine knowledge convinced the close companions of Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS) and other believers of his Imamate. Communication with the Imam was conducted through his special deputies, who acted as intermediaries between him and the Shia community.
The Minor Occultation (Ghaybat-e-Sughra)
The occultation of Imam Mahdi (AJ) occurred in two stages: the Minor Occultation (260–329 AH) and the Major Occultation. During the Minor Occultation, Imam Mahdi (AJ) communicated with his followers through four appointed deputies:
- Uthman ibn Sa’id al-Amri
- Muhammad ibn Uthman
- Husayn ibn Ruh
- Ali ibn Muhammad al-Samarri
Role of the Special Deputies
These deputies were responsible for conveying the Imam’s messages, resolving the community’s religious and legal issues, and delivering financial contributions to him. This period prepared the Shia community for the challenges of the Major Occultation.
The Major Occultation (Ghaybat-e-Kubra)
The Major Occultation began in 329 AH and continues to this day. During this phase, Imam Mahdi (AJ) no longer communicates directly with the people. Instead, the responsibility of guiding the community lies with the scholars and jurists. Imam Mahdi (AJ) stated:
“As for current events, refer to the narrators of our traditions, for they are my proof to you, and I am Allah’s proof to them.”
Reasons for the Major Occultation
The Major Occultation has several reasons, including:
- Protection of Imam Mahdi (AJ) from his enemies.
- Testing the faith and patience of believers.
- Preparing the conditions for his reappearance and global mission.
Imam Mahdi’s (AJ) Role in Islam
Imam Mahdi (AJ) plays a vital role in the preservation and revival of Islam, even during his occultation. His responsibilities include:
1. Preserving Religion and Sharia
Imam Mahdi (AJ) safeguards the religion from distortion and deviation. Through the guidance of scholars and leaders, he ensures the continuity of Islamic teachings.
2. Establishing Global Justice
One of the main objectives of Imam Mahdi’s (AJ) reappearance is to eradicate oppression and injustice and establish a world governed by divine justice.
3. Leading Humanity
As a divinely chosen leader, Imam Mahdi (AJ) will guide humanity toward moral and spiritual perfection, resolving conflicts and fostering peace across the globe.
The Reappearance of Imam Mahdi (AJ)
The reappearance of Imam Mahdi (AJ) will occur when the world is filled with tyranny and corruption. Accompanied by a group of loyal and virtuous companions, he will establish a divine government based on justice and equity. During his reign, knowledge and ethics will reach their peak, and humanity will experience unparalleled peace and prosperity.
Conclusion
The life of Imam Mahdi (AJ), from his birth to his occultation, highlights his pivotal role as the savior of humanity and the upholder of divine justice. As believers, our responsibility is to deepen our understanding of Imam Mahdi (AJ), follow his teachings, and prepare ourselves and society for his reappearance. This preparation is the key to becoming a true supporter of Imam Mahdi (AJ) and contributing to his divine mission for justice and truth.
